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85 Æí ¼þ¹èÀÇ ±â¿øµé | Paper 85
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85:0.1 ¿ø½Ã Á¾±³´Â µµ´öÀû ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ̳ª ¸ðµç ¿µÀû ¿µÇâ°ú´Â º°°³·Î »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±â¿øÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °íµîµ¿¹°Àº µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ȯ»óÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¾±³°¡ ¾ø´Ù. Àΰ£Àº µÎ·Á¿ò°ú ȯ»óÀ» ÅëÇØ ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ Á¾±³¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. | Primitive religion
had a biologic origin, a natural evolutionary development, aside
from moral associations and apart from all spiritual influences.
The higher animals have fears but no illusions, hence no religion.
Man creates his primitive religions out of his fears and by means
of his illusions. | |
85:0.2 ÀηùÀÇ
ÁøÈ¿¡¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ Áö¼ºÀÌ ÇöÀç¿Í ÀÌÈÄÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù º¹ÀâÇÑ °³³äÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ±â ÈξÀ Àü¿¡ ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
¼þ¹è°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. Ãʱâ Á¾±³´Â º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÁöÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̾ú°í, ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °ü·ÃµÈ ȯ°æ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇß´Ù. ¼þ¹èÀÇ ´ë»óµéÀº
¸ðµÎ ¹«¾ð°¡¸¦ ¿¬»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °Íµé¾ú´Ù; ±×°ÍµéÀº °¡±îÀÌ Àְųª ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ý°¢À» °¡Áø ¿ø½Ã À¯¶õ½Ã¾ÆÀεéÀÇ Æò¹üÇÑ °æÇè¿¡¼
Å©°Ô À§ÇèÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ´ÚÄ¥ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ °Íµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| In the evolution
of the human species, worship in its primitive manifestations appears
long before the mind of man is capable of formulating the more complex
concepts of life now and in the hereafter which deserve to be called
religion. Early religion was wholly intellectual in nature and was
entirely predicated on associational circumstances. The objects
of worship were altogether suggestive; they consisted of the things
of nature which were close at hand, or which loomed large in the
commonplace experience of the simple-minded primitive Urantians.
| |
85:0.3 Á¾±³°¡
ÇѶ§ ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ³Ñ¾î ÁøÈÇßÀ» ¶§, Á¾±³´Â ¿µÀû ±â¿øÀÇ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ¾ò¾úÁö¸¸, ±×·±µ¥µµ Ç×»ó »çȸÀû ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¿ìµÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ¸é¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ °³³äÀº ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ ¼¼°è¿¡¼µµ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó »ó»óÇß´Ù; È£¼ö, ³ª¹«, ÆøÆ÷,
ºñ, ±×¸®°í ¼ö¹é °¡ÁöÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Áö»ó Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬Àû ¿µµéÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ ³Â´Ù.
| When religion
once evolved beyond nature worship, it acquired roots of spirit
origin but was nevertheless always conditioned by the social environment.
As nature worship developed, man's concepts envisioned a division
of labor in the supermortal world; there were nature spirits for
lakes, trees, waterfalls, rain, and hundreds of other ordinary terrestrial
phenomena. | |
85:0.4 ÇѶ§ ¶Ç
´Ù¸¥ ÇÊ»ç Àΰ£Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¶¥ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Çϴðú ÁöÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀº ¸ðµç ÈûÀÇ Çö»óµéÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇß´Ù; ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»óÀ» ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù.
Æødz¿ì, È«¼ö, ÁöÁø, »ê»çÅÂ, È»ê, ºÒ, ´õÀ§, ÃßÀ§¿Í °°Àº °·ÂÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÈûÀ» °üÂûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ È®´ëµÇ´Â
Áö¼º¿¡ Å« °¨¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. »îÀÇ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ "½Å(God)ÀÇ ÇàÀ§"[1]¿Í "½ÅºñÀÇ
¼·¸®"·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù.
* °¢ÁÖ[1] ½Å(God)ÀÇ ÇàÀ§ : õÀç(ô¸î¬)¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. | At one time
or another mortal man has worshiped everything on the face of the
earth, including himself. He has also worshiped about everything
imaginable in the sky and beneath the surface of the earth. Primitive
man feared all manifestations of power; he worshiped every natural
phenomenon he could not comprehend. The observation of powerful
natural forces, such as storms, floods, earthquakes, landslides,
volcanoes, fire, heat, and cold, greatly impressed the expanding
mind of man. The inexplicable things of life are still termed "acts
of God" and "mysterious dispensations of Providence."
|
1. Worship of Stones and Hills The first object to be worshiped by evolving man was a stone. Today the Kateri people of southern India still worship a stone, as do numerous tribes in northern India. Jacob slept on a stone because he venerated it; he even anointed it. Rachel concealed a number of sacred stones in her tent. | ||
85:1.2 °æÀÛÇÏ´Â
µéÀ̳ª ¸ñÃÊÁöÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ µ¹ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ °©Àڱ⠳ªÅ¸³ª´Â Ư¡ ¶§¹®¿¡, µ¹Àº ¿ø½ÃÀε鿡°Ô Æò¹üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ±íÀº ÀλóÀ»
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ħ½Ä ÀÛ¿ëÀ̳ª ÈëÀÌ µÚÁýÈûÀ¸·Î »ý±â´Â °á°ú¸¦ °è»êÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. µ¹Àº ÈçÈ÷ µ¿¹°À» ´à¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¶ÇÇÑ
¿ø½Ã ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô Å©°Ô °¨¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹®¸íÈµÈ »ç¶÷µéµµ µ¿¹°À̳ª »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ¾ÆÁÖ ´àÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº µ¹ÀÇ Çü»ó¿¡ ´«±æÀ»
»©¾Ñ±ä´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡Àå ±íÀº ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ °ÍÀº ¿î¼®À̾ú°í, ¿ø½Ã Àΰ£Àº ÀÌ ¿î¼®µéÀÌ È·ÁÇÏ°Ô Å¸¿À¸£¸é¼ ´ë±â¸¦ ¶Õ°í
µ¹ÁøÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. À¯¼ºÀº ¿ø½ÃÀε鿡°Ô µÎ·Æ°Ô ´À²¸Á³°í, ±×µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÒŸ´Â ÁٱⰡ ¿µÀÌ ¶¥À¸·Î ÇâÇÏ¿© °¡´Â
±æÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù°í ½±°Ô ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ±× ¿î¼®µéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ³î¶ó¿î
ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ µ¹µéÀ» ´õ¿í Å©°Ô ¼þ¹èÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. º¬°¥¿¡¼´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼±â 1880³â¿¡
Áö±¸¿¡ ¶³¾îÁø ¿î¼®À» ¼þ¹èÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
| Stones first
impressed early man as being out of the ordinary because of the
manner in which they would so suddenly appear on the surface of
a cultivated field or pasture. Men failed to take into account either
erosion or the results of the overturning of soil. Stones also greatly
impressed early peoples because of their frequent resemblance to
animals. The attention of civilized man is arrested by numerous
stone formations in the mountains which so much resemble the faces
of animals and even men. But the most profound influence was exerted
by meteoric stones which primitive humans beheld hurtling through
the atmosphere in flaming grandeur. The shooting star was awesome
to early man, and he easily believed that such blazing streaks marked
the passage of a spirit on its way to earth. No wonder men were
led to worship such phenomena, especially when they subsequently
discovered the meteors. And this led to greater reverence for all
other stones. In Bengal many worship a meteor which fell to earth
in A.D. 1880. | |
85:1.3 °í´ëÀÇ
¸ðµç ¾¾Á·°ú ºÎÁ·µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ½Å¼ºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â µ¹µéÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Çö´ëÀεµ º¸¼® °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ µ¹µéÀ»
¾î´À Á¤µµ ¼þ»óÇÑ´Ù. Àεµ¿¡¼´Â ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ µ¹ ¹¶Ä¡¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù; ±×¸®½º¿¡¼´Â 30°³ÀÇ µ¹¹«´õ±â¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù; È«Àεé
»çÀÌ¿¡¼´Â µ¹·Î ½×Àº ¿øÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼þ»óµÇ¾ú´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀεéÀº ÁÖÇÇÅ͸¦ ºÎ¸¦ ¶§ ¹Ýµå½Ã °øÁß¿¡ µ¹À» ´øÁ³´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁöµµ
Àεµ¿¡¼´Â µ¹À» ÁõÀÎÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² Áö¿ª¿¡¼´Â µ¹À» À²¹ýÀÇ ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ±× À§¾öÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ À§¹ÝÀÚ¸¦
¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ¼¼¿ï ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÇÊ»çÀÚµéÀÌ Ç×»ó ¼þ¹è ÀǽÄÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î¼ ½Å(Deity)°ú µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÁö ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁÖ¹°µéÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¼þ¹è ´ë»óÀÇ »ó¡ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
| All ancient
clans and tribes had their sacred stones, and most modern peoples
manifest a degree of veneration for certain types of stones¡ªtheir
jewels. A group of five stones was reverenced in India; in Greece
it was a cluster of thirty; among the red men it was usually a circle
of stones. The Romans always threw a stone into the air when invoking
Jupiter. In India even to this day a stone can be used as a witness.
In some regions a stone may be employed as a talisman of the law,
and by its prestige an offender can be haled into court. But simple
mortals do not always identify Deity with an object of reverent
ceremony. Such fetishes are many times mere symbols of the real
object of worship. | |
85:1.4 ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº
µ¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸ÛÀ» ƯÀÌÇÏ°Ô ¿©°å´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ±¸¸Û ¸¹Àº ¹ÙÀ§´Â º´À» °íÄ¡´Â µ¥ Ưº°È÷ È¿·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. µ¹À»
´Þ°í ´Ù´Ï·Á°í ±Í¿¡ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¶ÕÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±ÍÀÇ ±¸¸ÛÀÌ ¶Õ¸° ä·Î µÎ·Á°í µ¹À» Áý¾î³Ö¾ú´Ù. Çö´ë¿¡µµ ¹Ì½ÅÀ» ¹Ï´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀº µ¿Àü¿¡ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ¶Õ´Â´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¿øÁֹεéÀº ÁÖ¹°ÀÇ »ó¡À» °®´Â µ¹À» ³õ°í ¼Ò¶õÀ» ÇÇ¿î´Ù. »ç½Ç, µÚ¶³¾îÁø
¸ðµç ºÎÁ·°ú ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ µ¹Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹Ì½ÅÀû ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. µ¹ ¼þ¹è´Â Áö±Ýµµ Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¹¦ºñ´Â
¶°³ª°£ µ¿·á Á¸ÀçÀÇ ±Í½Å°ú ¿µÀ» ¹Ï´Â ½Å¾Ó°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, µ¹¿¡ »õ°ÜÁø Çü»ó°ú ¿ì»óÀÌ »ì¾Æ³²Àº »ó¡ÀÌ´Ù.
| The ancients
had a peculiar regard for holes in stones. Such porous rocks were
supposed to be unusually efficacious in curing diseases. Ears were
not perforated to carry stones, but the stones were put in to keep
the ear holes open. Even in modern times superstitious persons make
holes in coins. In Africa the natives make much ado over their fetish
stones. In fact, among all backward tribes and peoples stones are
still held in superstitious veneration. Stone worship is even now
widespread over the world. The tombstone is a surviving symbol of
images and idols which were carved in stone in connection with beliefs
in ghosts and the spirits of departed fellow beings. | |
85:1.5 »ê ¼þ¹è°¡
µ¹ ¼þ¹è¸¦ µÚµû¶ú°í, óÀ½¿¡ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¸ð½Å »êµéÀº Å« ¾Ï¼®ÃþÀ̾ú´Ù. ½Åµé(gods)ÀÌ »ê¿¡¼ »ê´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ ´çÀå¿¡
°ü½ÀÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ Ãß°¡µÈ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ôÀº °íÁö¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ªÀÚ, ¾î¶² »êÀº ¾î¶² ½Åµé(gods)°ú
¿¬°áµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, µû¶ó¼ °Å·èÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹«ÁöÇÏ°í ¹Ì½ÅÀ» ¹Ï´Â ÅäÂø¹ÎµéÀº µ¿±¼ÀÌ ¾Ç·É°ú ¸¶±Í°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁöÇÏ ¼¼°è·Î À̲ö´Ù°í
¹Ï¾ú°í, ÀÌ¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î »êµéÀº, ³ªÁß¿¡ ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¼±ÇÑ ¿µµé(spirits)°ú ½Åµé(deities)ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ µ¿ÀϽõǾú´Ù.
| Hill worship
followed stone worship, and the first hills to be venerated were
large stone formations. It presently became the custom to believe
that the gods inhabited the mountains, so that high elevations of
land were worshiped for this additional reason. As time passed,
certain mountains were associated with certain gods and therefore
became holy. The ignorant and superstitious aborigines believed
that caves led to the underworld, with its evil spirits and demons,
in contrast with the mountains, which were identified with the later
evolving concepts of good spirits and deities. |
85:2.1 »ç¶÷Àº óÀ½¿¡ ½Ä¹°À» µÎ·Æ°Ô ¿©°å°í, ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ½Ä¹°¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â
ÃëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¼ú ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Ä¹°À» ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀεéÀº ¼ú¿¡ ÃëÇÏ¸é ½Å¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×·± üÇè¿¡´Â Ưº°ÇÏ°í
½Å¼ºÇÑ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î Çö´ë¿¡µµ ¼úÀº ¡°ÁÖÁ¤(ñÐïñ)"(spirits)[2] À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ®
ÀÖ´Ù. | 2. Worship of Plants and Trees Plants were first feared and then worshiped because of the intoxicating liquors which were derived therefrom. Primitive man believed that intoxication rendered one divine. There was supposed to be something unusual and sacred about such an experience. Even in modern times alcohol is known as "spirits." | |
85:2.2 Ãʱâ Àΰ£Àº
°î½ÄÀÌ ½ÏÆ®´Â °ÍÀ» µÎ·Á¿ò°ú ¹Ì½Å °°Àº °æ¿Ü°¨À¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. »õ½ÏÀÌ µ¸¾Æ³ª´Â °î½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½É¿ÀÇÑ ¿µÀû ±³ÈÆÀ» ¾ò°í
Á¾±³Àû ¹ÏÀ½À» ÀÔÁõÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î »çµµ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ Ã¹ ¹ø°°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
| Early man looked
upon sprouting grain with dread and superstitious awe. The Apostle
Paul was not the first to draw profound spiritual lessons from,
and predicate religious beliefs on, the sprouting grain. | |
85:2.3 ³ª¹«¸¦
¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â Á¾ÆÄ´Â °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ Á¾±³ Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇß´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¾ °áÈ¥½ÄÀº ³ª¹« ¹Ø¿¡¼ ¿Ã·È°í, ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¿øÇßÀ» ¶§
½£¿¡¼ Æ°Æ°ÇÑ Âü³ª¹«¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏµí ²¸¾È°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¶§¶§·Î ¹ß°ßµÇ°ï Çß´Ù. Á¤¸»·Î ¾àÈ¿°¡ Àְųª ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡,
¸¹Àº ½Ä¹°°ú ³ª¹«¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ß¸¸ÀεéÀº ¸ðµç ÈÇÐ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¹°·ÂÀÌ Á÷Á¢ È°µ¿Çϱ⠶§¹®À̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
| The cults
of tree worship are among the oldest religious groups. All early
marriages were held under the trees, and when women desired children,
they would sometimes be found out in the forest affectionately embracing
a sturdy oak. Many plants and trees were venerated because of their
real or fancied medicinal powers. The savage believed that all chemical
effects were due to the direct activity of supernatural forces.
| |
85:2.4 ³ª¹« ½Å·Éµé(spirits)¿¡
´ëÇÑ »ç»óµéÀº ºÎÁ·µé°ú Á¾Á·µé¸¶´Ù Å©°Ô ´Þ¶ú´Ù. ¾î¶² ³ª¹«¿¡´Â Ä£ÀýÇÑ ½Å·ÉµéÀÌ ±êµé¾ú´Ù; ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº »ç¶÷À» ¼ÓÀÌ´Â
ÀÜÀÎÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ ±êµé¾ú´Ù. ÇɶõµåÀÎÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ª¹«¿¡ Ä£ÀýÇÑ ¿µµéÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ½ºÀ§½ºÀεéÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³ª¹«¸¦
ºÒ½ÅÇß°í, ³ª¹«°¡ ±³È°ÇÑ ±Í½ÅÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. Àεµ¿Í ·¯½Ã¾Æ µ¿ºÎÀÇ °ÅÁֹεéÀº ³ª¹« ¿µµéÀÌ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ Á¸ÀçµéÀ̶ó°í
¿©°å´Ù. ÆÄŸ°í´Ï¾ÆÀεéÀº ¿¾³¯ ¼À Á·¼Óó·³, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³ª¹«¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¹« ¼þ¹è¸¦ ±×¸¸µÐ Áö ¿À·£ ÈÄ¿¡µµ, È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀº
½£¿¡¼ »ç´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Åµé(deities)À» °è¼Ó ¼¶±â¾ú´Ù. Áß±¹À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î, ÇѶ§ »ý¸í³ª¹«¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â
Á¾ÆÄ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Ideas about
tree spirits varied greatly among different tribes and races. Some
trees were indwelt by kindly spirits; others harbored the deceptive
and cruel. The Finns believed that most trees were occupied by kind
spirits. The Swiss long mistrusted the trees, believing they contained
tricky spirits. The inhabitants of India and eastern Russia regard
the tree spirits as being cruel. The Patagonians still worship trees,
as did the early Semites. Long after the Hebrews ceased tree worship,
they continued to venerate their various deities in the groves.
Except in China, there once existed a universal cult of the tree
of life. | |
85:2.5 Á¡Ä¡´Â
³ª¹« ¸·´ë±â·Î ÁöÇ¥ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹°À̳ª ±Í±Ý¼ÓÀ» ŽÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¿¾³¯ ³ª¹« ¼þ¹èÀÇ À¯¹°ÀÌ´Ù. 5¿ù ÃàÁ¦ÀÇ ±âµÕ,
Å©¸®½º¸¶½º ³ª¹«, ±×¸®°í ³ª¹«¸¦ ÅåÅå µÎµå¸®´Â ¹Ì½ÅÀûÀÎ °ü½ÀµéÀº ³ª¹«¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´ø ¿¾ dz½À°ú ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ³ª¹« ¼þ¹è ÁÖ¼úµéÀÌ
Áö¼ÓµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| The belief
that water or precious metals beneath the earth's surface can be
detected by a wooden divining rod is a relic of the ancient tree
cults. The Maypole, the Christmas tree, and the superstitious practice
of rapping on wood perpetuate certain of the ancient customs of
tree worship and the later-day tree cults. | |
85:2.6 ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
¸¹Àº Ãʱâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹ßÀüµÈ ¿¹¹è ±â¼ú°ú È¥ÇյǾúÁö¸¸, »õ·Î ±ú¾î³ª´Â ÀηùÀÇ Á¾±³Àû ÀÚÁúÀÌ ¿µÀû ¿µÇâÀÇ
Àڱؿ¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¹ÝÀÀÇϱ⠿À·¡Àü¿¡, º¸Á¶ Áö¼º ¿µµéÀÌ È°¼ºÈ½ÃŲ °¡Àå Ãʱâ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¼þ¹è°¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Many of these
earliest forms of nature veneration became blended with the later
evolving techniques of worship, but the earliest mind-adjutant-activated
types of worship were functioning long before the newly awakening
religious nature of mankind became fully responsive to the stimulus
of spiritual influences. |
3. The Worship of Animals Primitive man had a peculiar and fellow feeling for the higher animals. His ancestors had lived with them and even mated with them. In southern Asia it was early believed that the souls of men came back to earth in animal form. This belief was a survival of the still earlier practice of worshiping animals. | ||
85:3.2 ÃʱâÀÇ
Àΰ£µéÀº µ¿¹°ÀÇ Èû°ú ±³¹¦ÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡ µ¿¹°À» Á¸°æÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î¶² µ¿¹°µéÀÇ ³¯Ä«·Î¿î ÈÄ°¢°ú ¸Ö¸® º¸´Â ´«Àº ¿µ(spirit)ÀÌ
¾È³»Çϱ⠶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¸ðµç µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾î¶² Á¾Á·¿¡ ÀÇÇØ, ÇѶ§ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼þ¹è ´ë»ó¿¡´Â ¹ÝÀιݸ¶
¶Ç´Â Àξî¿Í °°ÀÌ, ¹ÝÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ°í ¹ÝÀº µ¿¹°À̶ó°í °£ÁÖµÈ µ¿¹°µéµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Early men revered
the animals for their power and their cunning. They thought the
keen scent and the farseeing eyes of certain creatures betokened
spirit guidance. The animals have all been worshiped by one race
or another at one time or another. Among such objects of worship
were creatures that were regarded as half human and half animal,
such as centaurs and mermaids. | |
85:3.3 È÷ºê¸®ÀεéÀº
È÷½º±â¾Æ ¿ÕÀÇ ½ÃÀý±îÁö ¹ìµéÀ» ¼þ¹èÇß°í, ÈùµÎ±³ÀεéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÚ±â ÁýÀÇ ¹ìµéÀ» Àß ´ëÇØÁØ´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÎÀÇ ¿ë ¼þ¹è´Â ¹ì
¼þ¹èÀÇ ÀÜÀçÀÌ´Ù. ¹ìÀÇ ÁöÇý´Â ±×¸®½º ÀǼúÀÇ »ó¡À̾ú°í, Çö´ë ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ó¡À¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¹ìÀ» ±æµéÀÌ´Â ±â¼úÀº,
¹ì ¼þ¹è Á¾ÆÄÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ »þ¸Õµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Ô´Âµ¥, À̵éÀº ³¯¸¶´Ù ¹ì¿¡°Ô ¹°¸° °á°ú·Î ¸é¿ªÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, »ç½ÇÀº ÁøÂ¥ ¹ìµ¶¿¡
Áßµ¶ÀÌ µÇ¾î, µ¶ ¾øÀÌ´Â »ì ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
| The Hebrews
worshiped serpents down to the days of King Hezekiah, and the Hindus
still maintain friendly relations with their house snakes. The Chinese
worship of the dragon is a survival of the snake cults. The wisdom
of the serpent was a symbol of Greek medicine and is still employed
as an emblem by modern physicians. The art of snake charming has
been handed down from the days of the female shamans of the snake
love cult, who, as the result of daily snake bites, became immune,
in fact, became genuine venom addicts and could not get along without
this poison. | |
85:3.4 °ïÃæ°ú
±âŸ µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¼þ¹è´Â ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ Ȳ±Ý·ü¡ª³²ÀÌ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ÇØ Áֱ⠹ٶó´Â ´ë·Î ³²(¸ðµç ÇüÅÂÀÇ »ý¸í)¿¡°Ô ÇØ Áֱ⡪¸¦ À߸ø
Ç®ÀÌÇÔÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇѶ§ »õµéÀÇ ³¯°³°¡ ¸ðµç ¹Ù¶÷À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú°í, µû¶ó¼ ³¯°³ ´Þ¸° ¸ðµç »ý¹°À»
µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ°í ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù. ÃʱâÀÇ ºÏÀ¯·´ »ç¶÷µéÀº Çسª ´ÞÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¸Ô¾î ¹ö¸° ´Á´ë°¡ ÀϽÄÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ÈùµÎÀεéÀº
¸»ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ °¡Áø ºñ½Ã´©¸¦ Á¾Á¾ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. µ¿¹°Àû »ó¡Àº ÀØÇôÁø ½Å(god)À̳ª »ç¶óÁø Á¾Æĸ¦ Á¾Á¾ ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÈ
Á¾±³¿¡¼ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¾çÀº Èñ»ý µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀüÇüÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ºñµÑ±â´Â ÆòÈ¿Í »ç¶ûÀÇ »ó¡ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The worship
of insects and other animals was promoted by a later misinterpretation
of the golden rule-doing to others (every form of life) as you would
be done by. The ancients once believed that all winds were produced
by the wings of birds and therefore both feared and worshiped all
winged creatures. The early Nordics thought that eclipses were caused
by a wolf that devoured a portion of the sun or moon. The Hindus
often show Vishnu with a horse's head. Many times an animal symbol
stands for a forgotten god or a vanished cult. Early in evolutionary
religion the lamb became the typical sacrificial animal and the
dove the symbol of peace and love. | |
85:3.5 Á¾±³ÀÇ
»ó¡Àº ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´ø »ç»óÀ» ´ëüÇϰųª ´ëüÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼ ÁÁÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ³ª»Ü ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ó¡Àº
¹°ÁúÀû ´ë»óÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â ¿ì»ó¼þ¹è¿Í È¥µ¿Çؼ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
| In religion,
symbolism may be either good or bad just to the extent that the
symbol does or does not displace the original worshipful idea. And
symbolism must not be confused with direct idolatry wherein the
material object is directly and actually worshiped. |
85:4.1 Àηù´Â ¶¥¤ý°ø±â¤ý¹°¤ýºÒÀ» ¼þ¹èÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ¿ø½Ã Á¾Á·µéÀº »ù¹°À» °ø°æÇÏ°í °À» ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù. Áö±Ýµµ ¸ù°ñ¸®¾Æ¿¡´Â °À» ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â Á¾ÆÄ°¡ ¹ø¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼·Ê´Â ¹Ùºô·Î´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼ Á¾±³ÀǽÄÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ±×¸®½ºÀεéÀº Çظ¶´Ù ¸ñ¿å ÀǽÄÀ» °ÅÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÎ±Û°Å¸®´Â »ù¹°, ¼Ú±¸Ä¡´Â »ù, È帣´Â °, ¼º³ °Ý·ù¿¡ ¿µµéÀÌ °ÅÇÑ´Ù°í »ó»óÇϱⰡ ½¬¿ü´Ù. ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ¹°Àº ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿µÀÌ »ì¾Æ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÈûÀ» ¹Ïµµ·Ï »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô °¨¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶² ¶§´Â ¾î¶² °ÀÇ ½Å(god)À» ¼º³ª°Ô ÇÒ±î µÎ·Á¿ö, ¹°¿¡ ºüÁö´Â »ç¶÷À» ±¸Á¶ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±âµµ Çß´Ù. | 4. Worship of the Elements Mankind has worshiped earth, air, water, and fire. The primitive races venerated springs and worshiped rivers. Even now in Mongolia there flourishes an influential river cult. Baptism became a religious ceremonial in Babylon, and the Greeks practiced the annual ritual bath. It was easy for the ancients to imagine that the spirits dwelt in the bubbling springs, gushing fountains, flowing rivers, and raging torrents. Moving waters vividly impressed these simple minds with beliefs of spirit animation and supernatural power. Sometimes a drowning man would be refused succor for fear of offending some river god. | |
85:4.2 ¸¹Àº »ç¹°°ú
¼ö¸¹Àº »ç°ÇÀÌ °¢ ½Ã´ë ¸¶´Ù ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÎÁ·µé¿¡°Ô, Á¾±³Àû ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀεµÀÇ »ê¿¡ »ç´Â ¸¹Àº ºÎÁ·Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ
¹«Áö°³¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÑ´Ù. Àεµ¿Í ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ¹«Áö°³´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ÇÏ´Ã ¹ìÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. È÷ºê¸®Àεé°ú ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº ¹«Áö°³¸¦
¡°¾à¼ÓÀÇ È°¡±À̶ó°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ¼¼°èÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼®¿¡¼ À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ºÒ±æÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î
º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿Ç³Àº ³²¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ½ÅÀε¥, ±× ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºñ¸¦ °¡Á®¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Àεµ¿¡¼´Â µ¿Ç³ÀÌ ¾Ç¸¶Àε¥, ¸ÕÁö¸¦
ºÒ·¯¿À°í °¡¹³À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¾ º£µÎÀεéÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¿µÀÌ ¸ð·¡ ȸ¿À¸®¹Ù¶÷À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú°í, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ¿¬ ¿µµéÀ»
¹Ï´Â ¸ð¼¼ÀÇ ½ÃÀý¿¡µµ ºÒ, ¹°, °ø±âÀÇ Ãµ»ç·Î¼ È÷ºê¸® ½ÅÇÐ ¼Ó¿¡¼ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ °Çß´Ù.
| Many things
and numerous events have functioned as religious stimuli to different
peoples in different ages. A rainbow is yet worshiped by many of
the hill tribes of India. In both India and Africa the rainbow is
thought to be a gigantic celestial snake; Hebrews and Christians
regard it as "the bow of promise." Likewise, influences
regarded as beneficent in one part of the world may be looked upon
as malignant in other regions. The east wind is a god in South America,
for it brings rain; in India it is a devil because it brings dust
and causes drought. The ancient Bedouins believed that a nature
spirit produced the sand whirls, and even in the times of Moses
belief in nature spirits was strong enough to insure their perpetuation
in Hebrew theology as angels of fire, water, and air. | |
85:4.3 ¼ö¸¹Àº
¿ø½Ã ºÎÁ·µé°ú ÃʱâÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è Á¾ÆĵéÀÌ ±¸¸§¤ýºñ¤ý¿ì¹Ú ¸ðµÎ¸¦ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ°í ¼þ¹èÇß´Ù. õµÕ°ú ¹ø°³°¡ µû¸£´Â ÆødzÀº
¿ø½ÃÀÎÀ» µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡ Áú¸®°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬·ÂÀÇ ±³¶õ¿¡ ±â°¡ Áú·Á¼, õµÕÀ» ¼º³ ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ºÒÀÇ
¼þ¹è¿Í ¹ø°³¸¦ µÎ·Á¿öÇϴ ŵµ´Â ¼·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº Ãʱâ Áý´Üµé¿¡¼ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| Clouds, rain,
and hail have all been feared and worshiped by numerous primitive
tribes and by many of the early nature cults. Windstorms with thunder
and lightning overawed early man. He was so impressed with these
elemental disturbances that thunder was regarded as the voice of
an angry god. The worship of fire and the fear of lightning were
linked together and were widespread among many early groups. | |
85:4.4 µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡
Áú¸° ¿ø½Ã ÇÊ»çÀÚµéÀÇ Áö¼º ¼Ó¿¡¼ ºÒÀº ¸¶¼ú°ú ¼¯¿´´Ù. ¸¶¼úÀ» ½ÅºÀÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖ¹®À» ½Ç½ÀÇÒ ¶§, ¾î¼´Ù »ý±ä ±àÁ¤Àû
°á°ú¸¦ ´«¿¡ ¼±ÇÏ°Ô ±â¾ïÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î½Ê ¹øÀÇ ºÎÁ¤Àû °á°ú, öÀúÇÑ ½ÇÆи¦ Å¿¬ÇÏ°Ô Àؾî¹ö¸°´Ù. ºÒÀÇ ¼þ¹è´Â Æ丣½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼
ÀýÁ¤¿¡ À̸£·¶°í, °Å±â¼ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼Ó µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶² ºÎÁ·µéÀº ºÒÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ½Å(deity) ±× ÀÚü·Î ¼¶°å´Ù. ´Ù¸¥
ºÎÁ·µéÀº ºÒÀ» ±×µéÀÌ Á¸°æÇÏ´Â ½Åµé(deities)ÀÇ ¿µ, Á¤ÈÇÏ°í ¾Ä¾î ¹ö¸®´Â ¿µÀÇ Å¸¿À¸£´Â »ó¡À¸·Î ¸ð¼Ì´Ù. º£½ºÅ¸[3]
¿©»çÁ¦µéÀº ½Å¼ºÇÑ ºÒÀ» ÁöÅ°´Â ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¸Ã¾Ò°í, 20¼¼±â¿¡ ¸¹Àº Á¾±³Àû ¿¹¹è ÀǽÄÀÇ ÀϺημ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÃкÒÀ»
ÄÒ´Ù.
* °¢ÁÖ[3] º£½ºÅ¸ : º®³·Î¿Í ºÒÀÇ ¿©½Å. | Fire was mixed
up with magic in the minds of primitive fear-ridden mortals. A devotee
of magic will vividly remember one positive chance result in the
practice of his magic formulas, while he nonchalantly forgets a
score of negative results, out-and-out failures. Fire reverence
reached its height in Persia, where it long persisted. Some tribes
worshiped fire as a deity itself; others revered it as the flaming
symbol of the purifying and purging spirit of their venerated deities.
Vestal virgins were charged with the duty of watching sacred fires,
and in the twentieth century candles still burn as a part of the
ritual of many religious services. |
85:5.1 ¹ÙÀ§¤ý»ê¤ý³ª¹«¤ýµ¿¹°ÀÇ ¼þ¹è´Â ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿©, ¼þ¹èÀÇ ¿ä¼ÒÀÎ µÎ·Á¿òÀ» ÅëÇØ Çؤý´Þ¤ýº°À» ½Å°ÝÈÇϱâ±îÁö ¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. Àεµ¿Í ±âŸ Áö¿ª¿¡´Â º°ÀÌ, À°Ã¼¸¦ ÀÔÀº »îÀ» ¶°³ À§´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÈ·Ó°Ô µÈ È¥À¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. °¥´ë¾ÆÀÇ Á¡¼º°¡µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ´ëÁö ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ ÀÚ½ÄÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. | 5. Worship of the Heavenly Bodies The worship of rocks, hills, trees, and animals naturally developed up through fearful veneration of the elements to the deification of the sun, moon, and stars. In India and elsewhere the stars were regarded as the glorified souls of great men who had departed from the life in the flesh. The Chaldean star cultists considered themselves to be the children of the sky father and the earth mother. | |
85:5.2 ´Þ ¼þ¹è´Â
ÅÂ¾ç ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¾Õ¼¹´Ù. ´ÞÀÇ ¼þ»óÀº »ç³ÉÇÏ´ø ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀýÁ¤¿¡ À̸£·¶°í, ÇÑÆí ÅÂ¾ç ¼þ¹è´Â ±× µÚÀÇ ³ó¾÷ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ
Á¾±³ ¿¹½ÄÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÅÂ¾ç ¼þ¹è´Â óÀ½¿¡ Àεµ¿¡¼ ³Î¸® »Ñ¸®¸¦ ³»·È°í, °Å±â¼ °¡Àå ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áö¼Ó µÇ¾ú´Ù. Æ丣½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼
ÅÂ¾ç ¼þ¹è´Â ÈÄÀÏ¿¡ ¹ÌÆ®¶ó Á¾Æĸ¦ ³º¾Ò´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¹ÎÁ· »çÀÌ¿¡¼ žçÀº ¿ÕµéÀÇ Á¶»óÀ̶ó°í ¿©°å´Ù. °¥´ë¾ÆÀÎÀº ¡°¿ìÁÖÀÇ
ÀÏ°ö µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì¡±ÀÇ Á߽ɿ¡ žçÀ» ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÈÄÀÏÀÇ ¹®¸íÀº ±× ÁÖÀÇ Ã¹³¯¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÇ À̸§À» ºÙÀÓÀ¸·Î½á ž翡 ¿µ¿¹¸¦ µ¹·È´Ù.
| Moon worship
preceded sun worship. Veneration of the moon was at its height during
the hunting era, while sun worship became the chief religious ceremony
of the subsequent agricultural ages. Solar worship first took extensive
root in India, and there it persisted the longest. In Persia sun
veneration gave rise to the later Mithraic cult. Among many peoples
the sun was regarded as the ancestor of their kings. The Chaldeans
put the sun in the center of "the seven circles of the universe."
Later civilizations honored the sun by giving its name to the first
day of the week. | |
85:5.3 žç½ÅÀº
ó³à¿¡°Ô¼ ÅÂ¾î³ ¿î¸íÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀÇ ½ÅºñÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö¶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú°í ÀÌ ¾ÆµéµéÀº ¶§¶§·Î ÀºÇý¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ¹ÎÁ·¿¡°Ô ±¸¼¼Áַμ
¼ö¿©µÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¾î¶² ½Å¼ºÇÑ °¿¡ ´©°¡ ÀÌ ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ¾Æ±âµéÀ» ¶°³»·Á º¸³Â°í, ±×µéÀº Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
±¸ÃâµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× µÚ¿¡ ÀÚ¶ó¼ ±× ¹ÎÁ·¿¡°Ô ±âÀûÀÇ Àι°°ú ±¸¿øÀÚ°¡ µÇ°ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
| The sun god
was supposed to be the mystic father of the virgin-born sons of
destiny who ever and anon were thought to be bestowed as saviors
upon favored races. These supernatural infants were always put adrift
upon some sacred river to be rescued in an extraordinary manner,
after which they would grow up to become miraculous personalities
and the deliverers of their peoples. |
6. Worship of Man Having worshiped everything else on the face of the earth and in the heavens above, man has not hesitated to honor himself with such adoration. The simple-minded savage makes no clear distinction between beasts, men, and gods. | ||
85:6.2 ¿¾³¯ Àΰ£µéÀº
¸ðµç Ưº°ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» ÃÊÀΰ£À¸·Î ¿©°å°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¸ÀçµéÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ µÎ·Á¿öÇؼ, °æ¿ÜÇÏ´Â ´À³¦À¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. ¾î´À Á¤µµ´Â,
±×µéÀ» ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ¼þ¹èÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ÖµÕÀ̸¦ ³º´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷µµ ¾ÆÁÖ ¿îÀÌ ÁÁµçÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¾ÆÁÖ ¿îÀÌ ³ª»Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹ÌÄ¡±¤ÀÌ, °£Áúº´ÀÚ, Á¤½Å¹Ú¾àÀÚ´Â ÈçÈ÷ Á¤½Å»óÅ°¡ Á¤»óÀÎ µ¿·áµéÀÇ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±×·¯ÇÑ ºñÁ¤»óÀÎµé ¾È¿¡ ½Åµé(gods)ÀÌ
°è½Å´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »çÁ¦, ¿Õ, ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÌ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù; »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿¾³¯ÀÇ °Å·èÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÌ ½Åµé(deities)¿¡°Ô¼
¿µ°¨À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ¿ì·¯·¯ º¸¾Ò´Ù.
| Early man
regarded all unusual persons as superhuman, and he so feared such
beings as to hold them in reverential awe; to some degree he literally
worshiped them. Even having twins was regarded as being either very
lucky or very unlucky. Lunatics, epileptics, and the feeble-minded
were often worshiped by their normal-minded fellows, who believed
that such abnormal beings were indwelt by the gods. Priests, kings,
and prophets were worshiped; the holy men of old were looked upon
as inspired by the deities. | |
85:6.3 ºÎÁ·ÀÇ
ÃßÀåµéÀº Á×À¸¸é ½Å°ÝȵǾú´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡´Â, Àú¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéµµ »çÈÄ¿¡ ¼ºÀÎÀ¸·Î Ãß¾Ó¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. Á×¾î¼ ¿µÈ·Ó°Ô µÇ°í °í±ÍÇÏ°Ô
ÁøÈµÈ ¿µµéº¸´Ù ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁøÈÇÏ´Â ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ½ÅµéÀ» ´õ ³ôÀÎ ÀûÀÌ °áÄÚ ¾ø´Ù. ÁøÈÀÇ Ãʱ⿡¼ Á¾±³´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Åµé(gods)À»
âÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. °è½Ã¸¦ ³»¸®´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Çϳª´Ôµé(Gods)Àº Á¾±³¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù. ÁøÈ Á¾±³´Â ÇÊ»ç Àΰ£µéÀÇ Çü»ó°ú ¸ð½ÀÀ»
µû¶ó¼ ½Åµé(gods)À» âÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù; °è½Ã Á¾±³´Â ÇÊ»ç Àΰ£µéÀ» Çϳª´Ô(God)À» ´àÀº ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ÁøȽÃÅ°°í º¯Çü½ÃÅ°·Á°í
ÇÑ´Ù.
| Tribal chiefs
died and were deified. Later, distinguished souls passed on and
were sainted. Unaided evolution never originated gods higher than
the glorified, exalted, and evolved spirits of deceased humans.
In early evolution religion creates its own gods. In the course
of revelation the Gods formulate religion. Evolutionary religion
creates its gods in the image and likeness of mortal man; revelatory
religion seeks to evolve and transform mortal man into the image
and likeness of God. | |
85:6.4 Àΰ£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
À¯·¡µÈ ±Í½Å ½ÅµéÀº ÀÚ¿¬ ½Åµé°ú ±¸º°µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÚ¿¬¼þ¹è´Â ¸¸½ÅÀüÀÇ ¿µµéÀ» ½Å°ÝÈÇϸç ÁøȽÃÄױ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÚ¿¬À» ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â Á¾ÆĵéÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ±Í½Å ¼þ¹èµéÀ» µû¶ó °è¼Ó ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´°í, ¼·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº Á¾±³ ü°èµéÀº
µÎ °¡Áö ½Å(deity)ÀÇ °³³ä, ÀÚ¿¬ ½Åµé(gods)°ú ±Í½Å ½Å(gods)À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿´´Ù; ¹ø°³ÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀ̱⵵ Çß´ø
±Í½Å(ghost) ¿µ¿õ Å丣°¡ º¸¿©ÁÖµíÀÌ, ¾î¶² ½ÅÇп¡´Â ÀÌ °³³äµéÀÌ µÚ¹ü¹÷ÀÌ µÇ¾î ¼·Î ¾ôÇû´Ù.
| The ghost
gods, who are of supposed human origin, should be distinguished
from the nature gods, for nature worship did evolve a pantheon-nature
spirits elevated to the position of gods. The nature cults continued
to develop along with the later appearing ghost cults, and each
exerted an influence upon the other. Many religious systems embraced
a dual concept of deity, nature gods and ghost gods; in some theologies
these concepts are confusingly intertwined, as is illustrated by
Thor, a ghost hero who was also master of the lightning. | |
85:6.5 ±×·¯³ª
Àΰ£ÀÌ Àΰ£À» ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº, Çö¼¼ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹é¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼þ¹è¸¦ ¸í·ÉÇÏ°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿ä±¸¸¦ Á¤´çÈÇϸé¼, ±×µéÀÌ
½Å(deity)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Ô´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇßÀ» ¶§, ÀýÁ¤¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù.
| But the worship
of man by man reached its height when temporal rulers commanded
such veneration from their subjects and, in substantiation of such
demands, claimed to have descended from deity. |
85:7.1 ÀÚ¿¬ ¼þ¹è´Â ¿ø½Ã ³²³àÀÇ Áö¼ºµé(minds)¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬È÷, ÀúÀý·Î »ý±ä °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ°í, ¶Ç ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×µ¿¾È ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¿ø½ÃÀεéÀÇ Áö¼º ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¿©¼¸ ¹ø° º¸Á¶ ¿µÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ¿µÀº ÀÌ ´Ü°èÀÇ Àΰ£ Áøȸ¦ ÁöµµÇÏ´Â ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϵµ·Ï ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µ(spirit)Àº, ±× ù Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¿ø½ÃÀûÀ̶óµµ, Àΰ£Á¾ÀÇ ¿¹¹è ¿å±¸¸¦ Ç×»ó ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µ¿¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ¼þ¹è ÀǽÄÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇß°í, ±× ÃʱâÀÇ »ç»óÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ´ë»ó¹°¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾú´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ¿¹¹èÀÇ ¿µÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ¼þ¹èÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ Ã浿¿¡ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ±â¿øÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. | 7. The Adjutants of Worship and Wisdom Nature worship may seem to have arisen naturally and spontaneously in the minds of primitive men and women, and so it did; but there was operating all this time in these same primitive minds the sixth adjutant spirit, which had been bestowed upon these peoples as a directing influence of this phase of human evolution. And this spirit was constantly stimulating the worship urge of the human species, no matter how primitive its first manifestations might be. The spirit of worship gave definite origin to the human impulse to worship, notwithstanding that animal fear motivated the expression of worshipfulness, and that its early practice became centered upon objects of nature. | |
85:7.2 »ý°¢ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´À³¦ÀÌ, ¸ðµç ÁøÈÀû ¹ßÀüÀ» ¾È³»ÇÏ°í °í»ß¸¦ Áã´Â ¿µÇâÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ÊÈñ´Â ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÀεéÀÇ Áö¼º(mind)¿¡
µÎ·Á¿ò, ±Ý±â, ¿µ¿¹, ¼þ¹è »çÀÌ¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
| You must remember
that feeling, not thinking, was the guiding and controlling influence
in all evolutionary development. To the primitive mind there is
little difference between fearing, shunning, honoring, and worshiping. | |
85:7.3 ¿¹¹èÀÇ
¿å±¸°¡ ÁöÇý¤Ñ¸í»ó°ú üÇè¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±æ·¯Áø »ç°í¤Ñ·Î ¸»¹Ì¾ÏÀº ÈÆ°è¿Í Áöµµ¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¶§¾ß, ºñ·Î¼Ò ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Á¾±³ Çö»óÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÏ°ö ¹ø° º¸Á¶ Áö¼º ¿µ, °ð ÁöÇýÀÇ ¿µÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ºÀ»çÇÒ ¶§, »ç¶÷Àº ¿¹¹èÇÏ¸é¼ ÀÚ¿¬°ú ÀÚ¿¬°èÀÇ ´ë»ó¹°À» ³Ñ¾î¼¼,
ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô, °ð ÀÚ¿¬ ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ Ã¢Á¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºñ·Î¼Ò °í°³¸¦ µ¹¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
| When the worship
urge is admonished and directed by wisdom-meditative and experiential
thinking-it then begins to develop into the phenomenon of real religion.
When the seventh adjutant spirit, the spirit of wisdom, achieves
effective ministration, then in worship man begins to turn away
from nature and natural objects to the God of nature and to the
eternal Creator of all things natural. | |
85:7.4 [³×¹Ùµ·ÀÇ
ÇÑ Âù¶õÇÑ Àú³áº°ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.]
| [Presented
by a Brilliant Evening Star of Nebadon.] |