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170 Æí
| Paper
170 The Kingdom of Heaven | |
170:0.1
3¿ù 11ÀÏ Åä¿äÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ, ¿¹¼ö´Â Æç¶ó¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼³±³¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×ÀÇ ´ëÁß ºÀ»ç¿¡¼ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¿¬¼³
Áß ÇϳªÀ̸ç, Çϴóª¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÃæºÐÇÏ°í ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ³í¼³À» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ°¡ ÀڽŠ¼ö¿© »ç¸í¿¡¼ ¼·Î ¹Ù²ã¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¸íĪÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ ¡°Çϴóª¶ó¡±¿Í ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó¡±¶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÇ ¶æ°ú ÀÇ(ëù)¿¡ °üÇØ, »çµµ¿Í Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ Áö¼º¿¡ È¥¶õÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï Çϴóª¶ó ¿ë¾î°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â Àǹ̸¦ ¶¥ÀÇ ³ª¶ó ¹× Çö¼¼ÀÇ Á¤ºÎµé°ú ÀüÇô »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ºÐ¸®Çϱ⿡
ÃæºÐÇßÀ»Áö¶óµµ, ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ½Ã°£Àû ¿Õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢Àº À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ³Ê¹« »Ñ¸® ±í°Ô ¹ÚÇô ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÑ ¼¼´ë¿¡
¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î óÀ½¿¡ ¿¹¼ö´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¼ºÀåÇØ ¿Â ÀÌ ¿Õ±¹ °³³äÀ» µå·¯³»³õ°í ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
| Saturday afternoon,
March 11, Jesus preached his last sermon at Pella. This was among
the notable addresses of his public ministry, embracing a full and
complete discussion of the kingdom of heaven. He was aware of the
confusion which existed in the minds of his apostles and disciples
regarding the meaning and significance of the terms "kingdom
of heaven" and "kingdom of God," which he used as
interchangeable designations of his bestowal mission. Although the
very term kingdom of heaven should have been enough to separate
what it stood for from all connection with earthly kingdoms and
temporal governments, it was not. The idea of a temporal king was
too deep-rooted in the Jewish mind thus to be dislodged in a single
generation. Therefore Jesus did not at first openly oppose this
long-nourished concept of the kingdom. | |
170:0.2 ÀÌ ¾È½ÄÀÏ
¿ÀÈÄ, ÁÖ(Master)´Â Çϴóª¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§À» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹àÈ÷·Á°í ¾Ö½è´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ðµç °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ±× ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Åä·ÐÇÏ°í,
±× ¿ë¾î°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ÀÌ À̾߱⿡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿¹¼ö°¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ Çß´ø ¼ö¸¹Àº
Áø¼úÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í °°Àº ³¯ Àú³á Åä·Ð Áß¿¡ »çµµµé¿¡°Ô¸¸ ÇÑ ¸î °¡Áö ¹ß¾ðÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±× ¿¬¼³À» È®´ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
¶ÇÇÑ Èı⠱⵶±³ ±³È¸¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Â÷ÈÄ Çϴóª¶ó »ç»óÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÇÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| This Sabbath
afternoon the Master sought to clarify the teaching about the kingdom
of heaven; he discussed the subject from every viewpoint and endeavored
to make clear the many different senses in which the term had been
used. In this narrative we will amplify the address by adding numerous
statements made by Jesus on previous occasions and by including
some remarks made only to the apostles during the evening discussions
of this same day. We will also make certain comments dealing with
the subsequent outworking of the kingdom idea as it is related to
the later Christian church. |
1. Concepts of the Kingdom of Heaven In connection with the recital of Jesus' sermon it should be noted that throughout the Hebrew scriptures there was a dual concept of the kingdom of heaven. The prophets presented the kingdom of God as: | ||
1. ÇöÀçÀÇ ½Çü;
±×¸®°í
| A present reality;
and as | |
2. ¾Õ³¯ÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀ¸·Î¼¡ª¸Þ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ
µîÀåÀ¸·Î Çϴóª¶ó°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½ÇÇöµÉ ¶§. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÌ °¡¸£ÃÆ´ø Çϴóª¶óÀÇ °³³äÀÌ´Ù.
| A future hope-when
the kingdom would be realized in fullness upon the appearance of
the Messiah. This is the kingdom concept which John the Baptist
taught. | |
170:1.4 ¿¹¼ö¿Í
»çµµµéÀº óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ÀÌ µÎ °³³äµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. Áö¼º(mind)¿¡¼ °£Á÷ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Çϴóª¶ó »ç»óÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
| From the very
first Jesus and the apostles taught both of these concepts. There
were two other ideas of the kingdom which should be borne in mind: | |
3. ÈÄÀÏÀÇ À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ
°³³äÀº ÃÊÀÚ¿¬Àû ±â¿ø°ú ±âÀûÀ¸·Î °³½ÃµÇ´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ÃÊ¿ùÀû ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù.
| The later Jewish
concept of a world-wide and transcendental kingdom of supernatural
origin and miraculous inauguration. | |
4. ¼¼»óÀÇ Á¾¸»¿¡¼
¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±ÀÇ ½Â¸®¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇÔÀ¸·Î ½Å¼ºÇÑ ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â Æ丣½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ´Ù.
| The Persian
teachings portraying the establishment of a divine kingdom as the
achievement of the triumph of good over evil at the end of the world. | |
170:1.7 ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡
¿¹¼ö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â Á÷Àü À¯´ëÀεéÀº È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î ÀÌ ¸ðµç Çϴóª¶ó °³³äÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ¿© À¯´ëÀÎÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë, ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¿µ¿øÇÑ ÅëÄ¡½Ã´ë, »õ·Î¿î ¼¼»ó, ¿Â Àηù°¡ ¾ß¿þ¸¦ ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë¸¦ ¼¼¿ì·Á°í ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ¿Â´Ù´Â Á¾¸»·ÐÀû °³³äÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
¿¹¼ö´Â À¯´ë±³¿Í Æ丣½Ã¾Æ Á¾±³ÀÇ °¡Àå ÇʼöÀûÀÌ°í ÀýÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À¯»êÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ·Î ÀÛÁ¤Çß´Ù.
| Just before
the advent of Jesus on earth, the Jews combined and confused all
of these ideas of the kingdom into their apocalyptic concept of
the Messiah's coming to establish the age of the Jewish triumph,
the eternal age of God's supreme rule on earth, the new world, the
era in which all mankind would worship Yahweh. In choosing to utilize
this concept of the kingdom of heaven, Jesus elected to appropriate
the most vital and culminating heritage of both the Jewish and Persian
religions. | |
170:1.8 Çϴóª¶ó´Â
±âµ¶±³ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌÇØµÇ°í ¿ÀÇØµÇ¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³× °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ »ç»óÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù:
| The kingdom
of heaven, as it has been understood and misunderstood down through
the centuries of the Christian era, embraced four distinct groups
of ideas: | |
1. À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ °³³ä. 2. Æ丣½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀÇ °³³ä. 3. ¿¹¼öÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû-üÇè °³³ä ¡ª¡°³ÊÈñ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çϴóª¶ó.¡± | 1. The concept of the Jews. 2. The concept of the Persians. 3. The personal-experience concept of Jesus¡ª"the kingdom of heaven within you." | |
4. ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ¼³¸³ÀÚµé°ú
ÀüÆÄÀÚµéÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ±íÀº °¨µ¿À» ÁÖ·Á°í Çß´ø º¹ÇÕÀûÀÌ°í È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î °³³äµé.
| 4. The composite
and confused concepts which the founders and promulgators of Christianity
have sought to impress upon the world. | |
170:1.13 ´Ù¸¥
½Ã°£°ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼ ¿¹¼ö´Â ´ëÁßÀ» °¡¸£Ä¥ ¶§ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¡°Çϴóª¶ó¡± °³³äÀ» Á¦½ÃÇßÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, »çµµµé¿¡°Ô´Â Ç×»ó
ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¸¦ Áö»óÀÇ µ¿·áµé°ú Çϴÿ¡ °è½Å ¾Æ¹öÁö¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è¿¡¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀΠüÇèÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. Çϴóª¶ó¿¡
°üÇÏ¿©, ±×ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¸»Àº Ç×»ó ¡°Çϴóª¶ó´Â ³× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡±¿´´Ù.
| At different
times and in varying circumstances it appears that Jesus may have
presented numerous concepts of the "kingdom" in his public
teachings, but to his apostles he always taught the kingdom as embracing
man's personal experience in relation to his fellows on earth and
to the Father in heaven. Concerning the kingdom, his last word always
was, "The kingdom is within you." | |
170:1.14 ¡°Çϴóª¶ó¡±¶ó´Â
¿ë¾îÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ È¥¶õÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼¼ °¡Áö ¿äÀο¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù:
| Centuries of
confusion regarding the meaning of the term "kingdom of heaven"
have been due to three factors: | |
1. ÀÌ È¥¶õÀº ¿¹¼ö¿Í
»çµµµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¡°Çϴóª¶ó¡± °¡ Àçź»ýÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áøº¸Àû ´Ü°è¸¦ °ÅÄ¡¸é¼, Çϴóª¶ó »ç»óÀ» ÁÖ½ÃÇÏ¸é¼ »ý±ä È¥¶õ.
| 1. The confusion
occasioned by observing the idea of the "kingdom" as it
passed through the various progressive phases of its recasting by
Jesus and his apostles. | |
2. Ãʱ⠱⵶±³¸¦
À¯´ë Áö¹æ¿¡¼ À̹æÀÇ ¶¥À¸·Î ¿Å°Ü ½É´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ »ý±â´Â ÇÊ¿¬Àû È¥¶õ.
| 2. The confusion
which was inevitably associated with the transplantation of early
Christianity from a Jewish to a gentile soil. | |
3. ±âµ¶±³°¡ ¿¹¼öÀÇ
Àι° Á᫐ °³³äÀÇ Á¶Á÷µÈ Á¾±³°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½Ç ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â º»ÁúÀûÀΠȥ¶õ; Çϴóª¶ó º¹À½Àº Á¡Á¡ ±×¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¾±³°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| 3. The confusion
which was inherent in the fact that Christianity became a religion
which was organized about the central idea of Jesus' person; the
gospel of the kingdom became more and more a religion about him.
|
3. In Relation to Righteousness Jesus was always trying to impress upon his apostles and disciples that they must acquire, by faith, a righteousness which would exceed the righteousness of slavish works which some of the scribes and Pharisees paraded so vaingloriously before the world. | ||
170:3.2 ¿¹¼ö´Â
¹ÏÀ½, Áï ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¾î¸°¾ÆÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ, Çϴóª¶ó ¹®À¸·Î °¡´Â ¿¼è¶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÆÁö¸¸, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹®À¸·Î µé¾î°£ µÚ¿¡, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
°ÇÀåÇÑ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ¾î¸¥ Å°±îÁö ÀÚ¶ó±â À§ÇÏ¿©, ¸ðµç ¹Ï´Â ¾î¸°¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¾ß ÇÏ´Â, ÀÇ(ëù)ÀÇ Á¡ÁøÀû ´Ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
| Though Jesus
taught that faith, simple childlike belief, is the key to the door
of the kingdom, he also taught that, having entered the door, there
are the progressive steps of righteousness which every believing
child must ascend in order to grow up to the full stature of the
robust sons of God. | |
170:3.3 Çϳª´ÔÀÇ
¿ë¼¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ±â¹ýÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ÀÇ(ëù)¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³´Ù. ¹ÏÀ½Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â
µ¥ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ë¼´Â ³ÊÈñÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½À» ÀÔÀå·á·Î ¹Þ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÇàÀ§ÀÌ´Ù. Çϴóª¶ó¸¦ ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ
Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ë¼¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ üÇèÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇϸç, ³»¸éÀûÀÎ ÀÇ(ëù)ÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó´Â ´ÙÀ½ ³× ´Ü°è·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù:
| It is in the
consideration of the technique of receiving God's forgiveness that
the attainment of the righteousness of the kingdom is revealed.
Faith is the price you pay for entrance into the family of God;
but forgiveness is the act of God which accepts your faith as the
price of admission. And the reception of the forgiveness of God
by a kingdom believer involves a definite and actual experience
and consists in the following four steps, the kingdom steps of inner
righteousness: | |
1. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿ë¼´Â
½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¶÷ÀÌ µ¿·á¸¦ ¿ë¼ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× Çѵµ±îÁö, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î üÇèÇÑ´Ù.
| God's forgiveness
is made actually available and is personally experienced by man
just in so far as he forgives his fellows. | |
2. »ç¶÷Àº µ¿·á¸¦
ÀÚ½Åó·³ »ç¶ûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î µ¿·á¸¦ ¿ë¼ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| Man will not
truly forgive his fellows unless he loves them as himself. | |
3. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ¿ôÀ»
³× ¸öó·³ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº À±¸®ÀÌ´Ù.
| To thus love
your neighbor as yourself is the highest ethics. | |
4. µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§,
ÂüµÈ ÀÇ(ëù)´Â ±×·± »ç¶ûÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °á°ú¹°ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
| Moral conduct,
true righteousness, becomes, then, the natural result of such love.
| |
170:3.8 µû¶ó¼
Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ÂüµÈ Á¾±³¿Í ³»¸éÀÇ Á¾±³´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ »çȸºÀ»çÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ¹æ¾ÈÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ µå·¯³ª´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.
¿¹¼ö´Â ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ »ç¶ûÀÇ ºÀ»ç¿¡ Âü¿©Çؾ߸¸ ÇÏ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Á¾±³¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¼ö´Â Á¾±³¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡
À±¸®¸¦ µÎÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â Á¾±³´Â ¿øÀÎÀÌ°í °á°ú´Â À±¸®¶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
| It therefore
is evident that the true and inner religion of the kingdom unfailingly
and increasingly tends to manifest itself in practical avenues of
social service. Jesus taught a living religion that impelled its
believers to engage in the doing of loving service. But Jesus did
not put ethics in the place of religion. He taught religion as a
cause and ethics as a result. | |
170:3.9 ¾î¶²
ÇàÀ§µç ÀÇ(ëù)´Â µ¿±â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃøÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼±ÀÇ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ÇüÅ´ ÀǽĵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Â µµ´ö·üÀ̳ª
À±¸® ±× ÀÚü¿¡´Â ÀüÇô °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö Çϳª´Ô°ú °¡Áö´Â ³»¸éÀÇ ¿µÀû Ä£±³¿¡¸¸ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×·¡¼ È®½ÇÈ÷ Á÷Á¢Àû °ÑÀ¸·Î µå·¯³ª°í Àΰ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ÖÁ¤ ¾î¸° ºÀ»ç·Î µå·¯³´Ù. Çϴóª¶ó Á¾±³´Â ¾Æ¹«µµ ¸ö ¾È¿¡ °¡µÑ
¼ö ¾ø´Â °³ÀÎÀÌ °Þ´Â ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Ã¼ÇèÀ̶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù; ½ÅÀÚ °¡Á·ÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼º¿øÀ̶ó´Â ÀǽÄÀÌ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇüÁ¦ »ç¶ûÀ» ³ôÀÌ°í
È®´ëÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Â¿¡¼, ÇüÁ¦ÀڸŸ¦ ¼¶±â´Â ½ÇõÇÏ´Â °¡Á¤ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±³ÈÆÀ¸·Î À̾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| The righteousness
of any act must be measured by the motive; the highest forms of
good are therefore unconscious. Jesus was never concerned with morals
or ethics as such. He was wholly concerned with that inward and
spiritual fellowship with God the Father which so certainly and
directly manifests itself as outward and loving service for man.
He taught that the religion of the kingdom is a genuine personal
experience which no man can contain within himself; that the consciousness
of being a member of the family of believers leads inevitably to
the practice of the precepts of the family conduct, the service
of one's brothers and sisters in the effort to enhance and enlarge
the brotherhood. | |
170:3.10 Çϴóª¶óÀÇ
Á¾±³´Â °³ÀÎÀû¤ý°³º°Àû Á¾±³ÀÌ´Ù; ±× ¿¸Å, ±× °á°ú´Â °¡Á·°ú »çȸ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Â °øµ¿Ã¼¿Í ´ëÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¾î±è¾øÀÌ °³ÀÎÀÇ
½Å¼ºÇÔÀ» ³ô¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ç½É ¾ø´Â ºÀ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±×ÀÇ ¼ºÇ°ÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇß´Ù; »ç¶÷Àº µ¿·á¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â
°ü°è¿¡¼ µµ´öÀû ¼ºÇ°ÀÌ ÆîÃÄÁø´Ù.
| The religion
of the kingdom is personal, individual; the fruits, the results,
are familial, social. Jesus never failed to exalt the sacredness
of the individual as contrasted with the community. But he also
recognized that man develops his character by unselfish service;
that he unfolds his moral nature in loving relations with his fellows.
| |
170:3.11 ¿¹¼ö´Â
Çϴóª¶ó°¡ ³»¸é¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í, °³ÀÎÀ» ³ôÀÓÀ¸·Î¼, »çȸÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÇ(ëù)¸¦ ½ÇÇöÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼·¸® ½Ã´ë·Î
¿¾ »çȸ¿¡ Ä¡¸íÀû Ÿ°ÝÀ» ÀÔÇû´Ù. ¼¼»óÀÌ ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î üÁ¦ÀÇ »çȸ¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ Çϴóª¶ó º¹À½ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢À»
½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼öÇÑ ÀÌ Çϴóª¶ó°¡ ¶¥¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿Ã ¶§, ´ÜÁö °³·®µÈ »çȸÀû¤ý¹°ÁúÀû Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î
³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á Çâ»óµÇ°í °ÈµÈ ¿µÀû °¡Ä¡ÀÇ ¿µÈ·Î¿ò¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ °¡Ä¡´Â ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ½Ã´ëÀÇ
Ư¡, °³¼±µÈ Àΰ£ °ü°è¿Í Áøº¸ÇÏ´Â ¿µÀû ¼ºÃëÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
| By teaching
that the kingdom is within, by exalting the individual, Jesus struck
the deathblow of the old society in that he ushered in the new dispensation
of true social righteousness. This new order of society the world
has little known because it has refused to practice the principles
of the gospel of the kingdom of heaven. And when this kingdom of
spiritual pre-eminence does come upon the earth, it will not be
manifested in mere improved social and material conditions, but
rather in the glories of those enhanced and enriched spiritual values
which are characteristic of the approaching age of improved human
relations and advancing spiritual attainments. |
5. Later Ideas of the Kingdom Having summarized the teachings of Jesus about the kingdom of heaven, we are permitted to narrate certain later ideas which became attached to the concept of the kingdom and to engage in a prophetic forecast of the kingdom as it may evolve in the age to come. | ||
170:5.2 ±âµ¶±³°¡
ÀüÆĵǴ ù ¼¼±â µ¿¾È, Çϴóª¶ó »ç»óÀº ±×¶§ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ÆÛÁö´Â ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀÇ ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇ, Áï ¿µÀûÀÎ ±×¸²ÀڷμÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ÁÖÀÇ
»ç»ó¡ªÇö¼¼ÀÇ °ÍÀº ¿µ¿øÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±×¸²ÀÚ¡ª¿¡ ¾öû³ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
| Throughout
the first centuries of the Christian propaganda, the idea of the
kingdom of heaven was tremendously influenced by the then rapidly
spreading notions of Greek idealism, the idea of the natural as
the shadow of the spiritual¡ªthe temporal as the time shadow of the
eternal. | |
170:5.3 ±×·¯³ª
À¯´ëÀÎÀÇ ¶¥¿¡¼ À̹æÀÎÀÇ ¶¥À¸·Î ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¿Å°Ü½ÉÀº °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ Å« °ÉÀ½Àº Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ°¡ ±³È¸¿¡¼ ±¸¿øÀÚ°¡
µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¿´´Âµ¥, ±³È¸´Â ¹Ù¿ï°ú ±× ÈÄ°èÀÚµéÀÇ È°µ¿À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý°Ü³ª°í ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ Á¾±³Àû¤ý»çȸÀû Á¶Á÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç,
±× °¡¸£Ä§Àº ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ ¿©·¯ °³³ä°ú Æ丣½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀÇ ¼±¾Ç ±³¸®·Î º¸ÃæµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| But the great
step which marked the transplantation of the teachings of Jesus
from a Jewish to a gentile soil was taken when the Messiah of the
kingdom became the Redeemer of the church, a religious and social
organization growing out of the activities of Paul and his successors
and based on the teachings of Jesus as they were supplemented by
the ideas of Philo and the Persian doctrines of good and evil. | |
170:5.4 Çϴóª¶ó
º¹À½ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ã±ä ¿¹¼öÀÇ °³³ä°ú ÀÌ»óÀº ±× ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¼±¾ðÀ» Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Ö°îÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ °ÅÀÇ ½ÇÇöµÇÁö ¸øÇÒ
»·Çß´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó °³³äÀº µÎ °¡Áö Å« °æÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ´«¿¡ ¶ç°Ô ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù:
| The ideas and
ideals of Jesus, embodied in the teaching of the gospel of the kingdom,
nearly failed of realization as his followers progressively distorted
his pronouncements. The Master's concept of the kingdom was notably
modified by two great tendencies: | |
1. À¯´ëÀÎ ½ÅÀÚµéÀº
°è¼Ó ¿¹¼ö¸¦ ¸Þ½Ã¾Æ·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ¼¼°èÀûÀÌ°í ´ëü·Î ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¼¼¿ì·Á°í ¿¹¼ö°¡ ¿À·¡Áö ¾Ê¾Æ ½ÇÁ¦·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À¸®¶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.
| The Jewish
believers persisted in regarding him as the Messiah. They believed
that Jesus would very soon return actually to establish the world-wide
and more or less material kingdom. | |
2. À̹æÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ÀεéÀº
¾ÆÁÖ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ±³¸®¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹¼ö°¡ ±³È¸ ½ÅµµµéÀÇ ±¸¿øÀÚ¶ó´Â ÀϹÝÀû °ü³äÀ¸·Î ´õ¿í À̲ø¾ú´Âµ¥,
±¸¿øÀÚ´Â Ãʱ⠰³³ä, °ð Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ¼øÀüÇÑ ¿µÀûÀÎ ÇüÁ¦ »ç¶ûÀ» »õ·ÎÀÌ Á¦µµÀûÀ¸·Î À̾î¹ÞÀº °³³äÀ̾ú´Ù.
| The gentile
Christians began very early to accept the doctrines of Paul, which
led increasingly to the general belief that Jesus was the Redeemer
of the children of the church, the new and institutional successor
of the earlier concept of the purely spiritual brotherhood of the
kingdom. | |
170:5.7 Çϴóª¶óÀÇ
»çȸÀû °á°ú·Î¼ »ý±ä ±³È¸´Â ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°í ¹Ù¶÷Á÷Çϱ⵵ ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ À߸øÀº ±³È¸°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±³È¸°¡ ¿¹¼öÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó °³³äÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô °¥¾ÆÄ¡¿ü´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ ¸¸µç Á¦µµÈµÈ ±³È¸´Â ¿¹¼ö°¡
¼±Æ÷Çß´ø Çϴóª¶ó¸¦ »ç½Ç»ó ´ëüÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷À̾ú´Ù.
| The church,
as a social outgrowth of the kingdom, would have been wholly natural
and even desirable. The evil of the church was not its existence,
but rather that it almost completely supplanted the Jesus concept
of the kingdom. Paul's institutionalized church became a virtual
substitute for the kingdom of heaven which Jesus had proclaimed.
| |
170:5.8 ±×·¯³ª
ÀǽÉÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. ÁÖ°¡ °¡¸£Ä£ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ Çϴóª¶ó´Â ¹Ï´Â ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ¶¥¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³¤ýÁ¾Á·¤ý³ª¶ó¿¡°Ô¡ª¾Æ´Ï
°¢ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¡ª¼±Æ÷µÇ´Â °Í °°ÀÌ, ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸¿¡ ¼±Æ÷µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
| But doubt not,
this same kingdom of heaven which the Master taught exists within
the heart of the believer, will yet be proclaimed to this Christian
church, even as to all other religions, races, and nations on earth-even
to every individual. | |
170:5.9 ¿¹¼ö°¡
°¡¸£Ä£ Çϴóª¶ó, °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀǸ¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿µÀû ÀÌ»ó°ú »ç¶÷ÀÌ Çϳª´Ô°ú ½Å¼ºÇÑ Ä£±³¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °³³äÀº, ¿¹¼öÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀÌ
±¸¿øÀÚ, âÁ¶ÀÚ, »çȸ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ µÈ Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ¿µÀû ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®¶ó´Â ½Åºñ½º·¯¿î °³³ä ¼ÓÀ¸·Î Â÷Ãû °¡¶ó¾É°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·±
½ÄÀ¸·Î Çü½ÄÀûÀÌ°í Á¦µµÈµÈ ±³È¸´Â °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÀÇ Àεµ¸¦ ¹Þ´Â Çϴóª¶ó ÇüÁ¦ »ç¶ûÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| The kingdom
of Jesus' teaching, the spiritual ideal of individual righteousness
and the concept of man's divine fellowship with God, became gradually
submerged into the mystic conception of the person of Jesus as the
Redeemer-Creator and spiritual head of a socialized religious community.
In this way a formal and institutional church became the substitute
for the individually spirit-led brotherhood of the kingdom. | |
170:5.10 ±³È¸´Â
¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÏ»ý°ú °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ »ý°Ü³ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ°í À¯ÀÍÇÑ »çȸÀû °á°ú¿´´Ù. Çϴóª¶óÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ »çȸÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ, ¿¹¼ö°¡
°¡¸£Ä¡°í ½ÇõÇß´ø ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ¿µÀû °³³äÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °¥¾ÆÄ¡¿ü´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ºñ±ØÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
| The church
was an inevitable and useful social result of Jesus' life and teachings;
the tragedy consisted in the fact that this social reaction to the
teachings of the kingdom so fully displaced the spiritual concept
of the real kingdom as Jesus taught and lived it. | |
170:5.11 À¯´ëÀο¡°Ô,
Çϴóª¶ó´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤ Á·¼ÓÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼¿´°í, À̹æÀο¡°Ô Çϴóª¶ó´Â ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¼ö¿¡°Ô Çϴóª¶ó´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö¶ó´Â
¹ÏÀ½À» °í¹éÇÏ°í, ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸¶À½À» ´ÙÇÏ¿© Çå½ÅÇÔÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÏ°í, µû¶ó¼ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÀû ÇüÁ¦
´ÜüÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øÀÌ µÇ´Â °³ÀεéÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ̾ú´Ù.
| The kingdom,
to the Jews, was the Israelite community; to the gentiles it became
the Christian church. To Jesus the kingdom was the sum of those
individuals who had confessed their faith in the fatherhood of God,
thereby declaring their wholehearted dedication to the doing of
the will of God, thus becoming members of the spiritual brotherhood
of man. | |
170:5.12 ÁÖ´Â
Çϴóª¶ó º¹À½ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¾î¶² »çȸÀû °á½ÇµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±×·± ¸ðµç ½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô
±êµé°í È°¼ºÈ½ÃÅ°´Â ½Å¼ºÇÑ ¿µ°úÀÇ ¼øÀüÇÑ ¿µÀûÀΠģ±³ÀÎ, °³º° ½ÅÀÚ°¡ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡¼ °Þ´Â ÀÌ °³ÀÎÀû üÇè¿¡¼, ¸ðµç ±×·¯ÇÑ
¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ »çȸÀû ¡ÈĵéÀ» ÀǽÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇÏ°í ¶Ç ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °á½Ç·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Àǵµ¿´´Ù.
| The Master
fully realized that certain social results would appear in the world
as a consequence of the spread of the gospel of the kingdom; but
he intended that all such desirable social manifestations should
appear as unconscious and inevitable outgrowths, or natural fruits,
of this inner personal experience of individual believers, this
purely spiritual fellowship and communion with the divine spirit
which indwells and activates all such believers. | |
170:5.13 ¿¹¼ö´Â
ÇÑ »çȸ Á¶Á÷, °ð ±³È¸°¡ ÂüµÈ ¿µÀû ±¹°¡ÀÇ Áøº¸¿¡ µÚµû¶ó »ý±æ °ÍÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¿¹ÃøÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿Ö »çµµµéÀÌ ¿äÇÑÀÇ
¼¼·Ê ÀǽÄÀ» ÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °áÄÚ ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö ÇÏ´Â ±î´ßÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Áø¸®¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷, °ð Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀǸ¦ °£ÀýÈ÷
¹Ù¶ó°í ¸ñ¸¶¸£°Ô ã´Â »ç¶÷Àº, ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ¿µÀûÀÎ Çϴóª¶ó¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¶ôµÈ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ »çµµµéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ
½ÅÀÚ´Â °ÑÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼¼·Ê ÀǽÄÀ¸·Î Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ »çȸ Á¶Á÷¿¡ °¡ÀÔÀÌ Çã¶ôµÈ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù.
| Jesus foresaw
that a social organization, or church, would follow the progress
of the true spiritual kingdom, and that is why he never opposed
the apostles' practicing the rite of John's baptism. He taught that
the truth-loving soul, the one who hungers and thirsts for righteousness,
for God, is admitted by faith to the spiritual kingdom; at the same
time the apostles taught that such a believer is admitted to the
social organization of disciples by the outward rite of baptism.
| |
170:5.14 °³º°
½ÅÀÚ°¡ ¿µ(spirit)ÀÇ ¾È³»¿Í Áö¹è¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½À¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡¼ Çϴóª¶ó¸¦ ¼¼¿ì´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ½ÇÇöÇÏ´Â µ¥
ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿¹¼öÀÇ Á÷°è ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀº ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀØÇôÁöÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇ
Çϴóª¶ó ÀÌ»ó ´ë½Å¿¡, ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â »çȸ Á¶Á÷, ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸¸¦ Â÷Ãû ¼¼¿ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ëü °èȹÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ°í
³ª¼, ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ°í Çϴóª¶óÀÇ »ç½Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ·Á°í, ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼ Çϴóª¶ó¸¦ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ »ý±æ ÀÏ·Î
ºÐ¸®ÇØ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ ÁöÀ§°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÇÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ±³È¸´Â ±âµ¶±³ ½Ã´ë°¡ ÀýÁ¤¿¡ À̸¦ ¶§, ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ´Ù½Ã ¿À½Ç ¶§, Çϴóª¶ó°¡
½ÇÁ¦·Î ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡¸£Ä¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
| When Jesus'
immediate followers recognized their partial failure to realize
his ideal of the establishment of the kingdom in the hearts of men
by the spirit's domination and guidance of the individual believer,
they set about to save his teaching from being wholly lost by substituting
for the Master's ideal of the kingdom the gradual creation of a
visible social organization, the Christian church. And when they
had accomplished this program of substitution, in order to maintain
consistency and to provide for the recognition of the Master's teaching
regarding the fact of the kingdom, they proceeded to set the kingdom
off into the future. The church, just as soon as it was well established,
began to teach that the kingdom was in reality to appear at the
culmination of the Christian age, at the second coming of Christ. | |
170:5.15 ÀÌ
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Çϴóª¶ó´Â ÇÑ ½Ã´ëÀÇ °³³ä, ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ã¾Æ¿Â´Ù´Â °³³ä, ±×¸®°í ÃÖ°íÀÚ(Most High)ÀÇ ¼ºÀÎ(á¡ìÑ)µéÀÌ
¸¶Áö¸· ±¸¿øÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Ãʱ⠱⵶±³Àεé(±×¸®°í ÈÄÀÏ ±âµ¶±³Àεé)Àº ´ëü·Î ¿¹¼öÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖ´Â
¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾ÆµéÀÇ °³³äÀ» °£°úÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÇÑÆí ±×µéÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ Àß Á¶Á÷µÈ »çȸÀû Ä£¸ñÀ¸·Î ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±³È¸´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ
¿µÀû ÇüÁ¦ »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç»ó°ú ÀÌ»óÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëüÇÑ »çȸÀû ÇüÁ¦ ´Üü°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| In this manner
the kingdom became the concept of an age, the idea of a future visitation,
and the ideal of the final redemption of the saints of the Most
High. The early Christians (and all too many of the later ones)
generally lost sight of the Father-and-son idea embodied in Jesus'
teaching of the kingdom, while they substituted therefor the well-organized
social fellowship of the church. The church thus became in the main
a social brotherhood which effectively displaced Jesus' concept
and ideal of a spiritual brotherhood. | |
170:5.16 ¿¹¼öÀÇ
ÀÌ»óÀû °³³äÀº Å©°Ô ½ÇÆÐÇßÁö¸¸, ÁÖÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »î°ú °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ±âÃÊ À§¿¡ ¹Ù¿ïÀº À¯¶õ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ Á¸ÀçÇß´ø °¡Àå Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ
Àΰ£ »çȸ Áß Çϳª¸¦ ¼¼¿ì±â À§ÇØ ³ª¼¹À¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×¸®½ºÀΰú Æ丣½Ã¾ÆÀÎÀÇ ¿µ»ý °³³äÀ¸·Î º¸ÃæµÇ°í, ¿µÀûÀÎ °Í°ú ´ëÁ¶µÇ´Â
ÇÊ·ÎÀÇ Çö¼¼Àû ±³¸®·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© °ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Jesus' ideal
concept largely failed, but upon the foundation of the Master's
personal life and teachings, supplemented by the Greek and Persian
concepts of eternal life and augmented by Philo's doctrine of the
temporal contrasted with the spiritual, Paul went forth to build
up one of the most progressive human societies which has ever existed
on Urantia. | |
170:5.17 ¿¹¼öÀÇ
°³³äÀº ¼¼°èÀÇ Áøº¸µÈ Á¾±³µé ¼Ó¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸´Â ¿¹¼ö°¡ ÀǵµÇß´ø Çϴóª¶ó¡ª±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁÖ È®½ÇÈ÷
¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿Ã Çϴóª¶ó¡ªÀÇ »çȸȵǰí Àΰ£ÈµÈ ±×¸²ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù¿ï°ú ±× ÈÄ°èÀÚµéÀº ¿µ»ýÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °³ÀÎÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±³È¸·Î
ÀϺΠ¿Å°Ü ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ÀÌó·³ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó °¡Á· ¾È¿¡¼ °³º° ½ÅÀÚ Çϳª Çϳª¿¡°Ô ÇüÀÌ µÇ±âº¸´Ù, ±³È¸ÀÇ
¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù¿ï, ±×¸®°í °°Àº ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ¿¹¼ö°¡ ÀڽŰú °³º° ½ÅÀÚ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
½ÅÀÚÀÇ Áý´ÜÀÎ ±³È¸¿¡ Àû¿ëÇß´Ù; ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀº ¿¹¼öÀÇ °³³ä, °³º° ½ÅÀÚÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çϴóª¶ó °³³ä¿¡ Ä¡¸íÀû
Ÿ°ÝÀ» ÀÔÇû´Ù.
| The concept
of Jesus is still alive in the advanced religions of the world.
Paul's Christian church is the socialized and humanized shadow of
what Jesus intended the kingdom of heaven to be¡ªand what it most
certainly will yet become. Paul and his successors partly transferred
the issues of eternal life from the individual to the church. Christ
thus became the head of the church rather than the elder brother
of each individual believer in the Father's family of the kingdom.
Paul and his contemporaries applied all of Jesus' spiritual implications
regarding himself and the individual believer to the church as a
group of believers; and in doing this, they struck a deathblow to
Jesus' concept of the divine kingdom in the heart of the individual
believer. | |
170:5.18 ±×·¡¼,
¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸´Â Å« °ïȤ°¨ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¼ö°íÇØ ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±³È¸´Â Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ½Åºñ½º·¯¿î ´É·Âµé(powers)°ú
Ư±ÇµéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¿¹¼ö¿Í ¿µÀû ½ÅÀÚ ÇüÁ¦µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼¸¸ ¼öÇàµÇ°í üÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Âµé°ú Ư±Çµé·Î °¨È÷ ÁÖÀåÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌó·³ ±³È¸¿¡¼ ±¸¼º¿øÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã Çϴóª¶óÀÇ Ä£±³¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇØÁ³´Ù; Çϳª´Â ¿µÀûÀÌ°í,
´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ÁÖ·Î »çȸÀûÀÌ´Ù.
| And so, for
centuries, the Christian church has labored under great embarrassment
because it dared to lay claim to those mysterious powers and privileges
of the kingdom, powers and privileges which can be exercised and
experienced only between Jesus and his spiritual believer brothers.
And thus it becomes apparent that membership in the church does
not necessarily mean fellowship in the kingdom; one is spiritual,
the other mainly social. | |
170:5.19 ¸ÓÁö
¾Ê¾Æ ´Ù¸¥ ´õ Å« ¼¼·ÊÀÚ ¿äÇÑÀÌ ÀϾ ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó°¡ °¡±î¿üµµ´Ù¡±ÇÏ°í ¼±Æ÷ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù¡ªÀÌ°ÍÀº Çϴóª¶ó°¡ ½ÅÀÚÀÇ
¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡¼ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¶æÀÌ Áö¹èÇÏ°í ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ¶ó ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ ¿¹¼öÀÇ ³ôÀº ¿µÀû °³³äÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¨À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù¡ª±×´Â ¶¥¿¡¼
´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â ±³È¸³ª »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±â´ëÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ À縲À» ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµµ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ¸¦ ÀÌ·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô
´Ù½Ã ÀûÀº À̾߱â´Â ¹Ì°¡¿¤ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡¼ ¸Ó¹«¸¥ »ç½Ç¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© »çȸ¤ýöÇÐÀû ¹ÏÀ½ ü°è¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ ºÐÁÖÇß´ø Ãʱâ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÇ
½Ç¼ö¸¦ µ¹ÀÌų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÌ ºÎÈ°µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ªÀº ½ÃÀÏ ¾È¿¡ ¿¹¼ö¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱âÀÇ ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¿¹¼öÀÇ
Çϴóª¶ó º¹À½ÀÇ ÀüÆĸ¦ °ÅÀÇ ´ëüÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ª»çÀû Á¾±³´Â ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À» ¹Ì·¡-¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Àå ¼þ°íÇÑ Èñ¸ÁÀ» °¡Áø Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Àå ³ôÀº µµ´ö °³³ä°ú ¿µÀû ÀÌ»óµé°ú ¼¯¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ Çϴóª¶ó º¹À½ÀÌ
µÇ¾ú´Ù.
| Sooner or later
another and greater John the Baptist is due to arise proclaiming
"the kingdom of God is at hand"¡ªmeaning a return to the
high spiritual concept of Jesus, who proclaimed that the kingdom
is the will of his heavenly Father dominant and transcendent in
the heart of the believer¡ªand doing all this without in any way
referring either to the visible church on earth or to the anticipated
second coming of Christ. There must come a revival of the actual
teachings of Jesus, such a restatement as will undo the work of
his early followers who went about to create a sociophilosophical
system of belief regarding the fact of Michael's sojourn on earth.
In a short time the teaching of this story about Jesus nearly supplanted
the preaching of Jesus' gospel of the kingdom. In this way a historical
religion displaced that teaching in which Jesus had blended man's
highest moral ideas and spiritual ideals with man's most sublime
hope for the future-eternal life. And that was the gospel of the
kingdom. | |
170:5.20 ÀÌ°ÍÀº
°ð ¿¹¼öÀÇ º¹À½ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº-Ãø¸éÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸î ¼¼±â ¾È¿¡ ±×ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÑ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº
Á¾±³´Üü¿Í Á¾ÆÄ·Î ºÐ¿µÇ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÌ µüÇÑ ºÐ¿Àº ÁÖÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ºñÇÒ µ¥ ¾ø´Â »îÀÇ
½Å¼ºÇÔÀ» ºÐº°ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ µ¥¼ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ¿¹¼ö¸¦ ¹Ï´Â ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ ºÒ½ÅÀÚµé ¾Õ¿¡¼ ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¿µÇÁö
¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁöÀû ÀÌÇØ¿Í Çؼ®Àº ´Ù¾çÇصµ ÁÁ°í, »çȸÀû Ä£±³°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ´Þ¶óÁ®µµ ÁÁÁö¸¸, ¿µÀû ÇüÁ¦
»ç¶ûÀÇ ºÎÁ·Àº º¯¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ºñ³¹ÞÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù.
| It is just
because the gospel of Jesus was so many-sided that within a few
centuries students of the records of his teachings became divided
up into so many cults and sects. This pitiful subdivision of Christian
believers results from failure to discern in the Master's manifold
teachings the divine oneness of his matchless life. But someday
the true believers in Jesus will not be thus spiritually divided
in their attitude before unbelievers. Always we may have diversity
of intellectual comprehension and interpretation, even varying degrees
of socialization, but lack of spiritual brotherhood is both inexcusable
and reprehensible. | |
170:5.21 ¿ÀÇØÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó! ¿¹¼öÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§ ¼Ó¿¡´Â »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö³ª ¿¸Å ¸ÎÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î °¡¸¸µÎÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¿µ¿øÇÑ º»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¼ö°¡ Ç°¾ú´ø Çϴóª¶ó´Â ´ëü·Î ¶¥¿¡¼ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù; Çѵ¿¾È °ÑÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±³È¸°¡ ±× ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù; ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±³È¸´Â ´Ù¸¸ ÁÂÀýµÈ ¿µÀû Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ¾Ö¹ú·¹ ´Ü°èÀÏ »ÓÀÌ°í, ¹°Áú ½Ã´ë¸¦ Áö³ª ´õ ¿µÀûÀÎ Çϴóª¶ó ¼·¸® ½Ã´ë·Î ½Ç¾î ³ª¸¦ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×¶§ ÁÖÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº ¼ºÀåÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ´õ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ´©¸± °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ÊÈñ´Â ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ À̸¥¹Ù ±âµ¶±³ ±³È¸´Â °íÄ¡°¡ µÇ¸ç, ±× ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¿¹¼öÀÇ °³³äÀÎ Çϴóª¶ó´Â Áö±Ý ÀáÀ» ÀÚ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½Å¼ºÇÑ ÇüÁ¦ »ç¶ûÀÇ Çϴóª¶ó´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ³ªºñ°¡ °á±¹ Å»¹Ù²ÞÇÏ´Â ¹ß´Þ¿¡¼ º¼Ç°¾ø´Â ÀÛÀº »ý¹°ÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ¼Ú¾Æ³ª´Â °Íó·³ È®½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌ ¿À·£ ħü·ÎºÎÅÍ °á±¹¿¡ È®½ÇÈ÷ ¼Ú¾Æ³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. | Mistake not!
there is in the teachings of Jesus an eternal nature which will
not permit them forever to remain unfruitful in the hearts of thinking
men. The kingdom as Jesus conceived it has to a large extent failed
on earth; for the time being, an outward church has taken its place;
but you should comprehend that this church is only the larval stage
of the thwarted spiritual kingdom, which will carry it through this
material age and over into a more spiritual dispensation where the
Master's teachings may enjoy a fuller opportunity for development.
Thus does the so-called Christian church become the cocoon in which
the kingdom of Jesus' concept now slumbers. The kingdom of the divine
brotherhood is still alive and will eventually and certainly come
forth from this long submergence, just as surely as the butterfly
eventually emerges as the beautiful unfolding of its less attractive
creature of metamorphic development. |